Gen TANG пре 1 година
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2156c1ac35

Разлика између датотеке није приказан због своје велике величине
+ 0 - 0
ch04_logit/multi_logit_example.ipynb


+ 137 - 137
ch07_autograd/autograd.ipynb

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ch07_autograd/dropout.ipynb

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+ 474 - 474
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ch07_autograd/utils.py

@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ def _get_node_attr(node, direction='forward'):
     def _forward_attr():
         if node_type == 'param':
             node_text = f'{{ grad=None | value={node.value: .2f} | {node.label}}}'
-            return dict(label=node_text, shape='record', fontsize='10', fillcolor='springgreen', style='filled, bold')
+            return dict(label=node_text, shape='record', fontsize='10', fillcolor='lightgreen', style='filled, bold')
         elif node_type == 'computation':
             node_text = f'{{ grad=None | value={node.value: .2f} | {node.op}}}'
             return dict(label=node_text, shape='record', fontsize='10', fillcolor='gray94', style='filled, rounded')

+ 378 - 378
ch08_mlp/saturated_activation_function.ipynb

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@@ -477,170 +477,170 @@
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+ 288 - 288
ch10_rnn/bptt_example.ipynb

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Неке датотеке нису приказане због велике количине промена