Fix Broken Links (#2603)

* Replace homepage with GitHub repository link

problem-sets-competitive-programming.md: Replace homepage
link of problembook with github repository link which contains
downloadable pdf links.

* Remove broken links

Remove broken links and update available links from
web.archive.org.

* Update broken link with updated link.

Update the description for the updated link.

* Update broken links with links from web.archive.org

Remove dead links.

* Restore path to original link instead of web.archive.org

The link seems to be working fine. It was not loading
on my network, probably due to regional restrictions.

* Remove github link which is no longer maintained.

Github link consisted of list of Big Data resources.
The repository has been deleted by the user.
Hence deleting the entry.

free-programming-books-es.md

@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@
 ### Linux
 
 * [Bases de la programación en Bash](http://xinfo.sourceforge.net/documentos/bash-scripting/bash-script-2.0.html)
-* [BASH Scripting Avanzado: Utilizando declare para definición de tipo](http://library.originalhacker.org/biblioteca/articulo/ver/123)
+* [BASH Scripting Avanzado: Utilizando declare para definición de tipo](https://web.archive.org/web/20150307181233/http://library.originalhacker.org:80/biblioteca/articulo/ver/123)
 * [Debian GNU/Linux para administradores](https://debian-handbook.info/browse/es-ES/stable/)
 * [El Manual de BASH Scripting Básico para Principiantes](https://es.wikibooks.org/wiki/El_Manual_de_BASH_Scripting_B%C3%A1sico_para_Principiantes) en WikiBooks
 

free-programming-books-ja.md

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
 
 * [DirectX を使った初めての Windows ストア アプリの作成](https://msdn.microsoft.com/ja-jp/library/windows/apps/br229580.aspx) - MSDN Library
 * [GLUTによる「手抜き」OpenGL入門](http://www.wakayama-u.ac.jp/~tokoi/opengl/libglut.html) - 床井浩平
-* [iOS OpenGL ES プログラミングガイド](https://developer.apple.com/jp/devcenter/ios/library/documentation/OpenGLES_ProgrammingGuide.pdf) - Apple Developer (PDF)
+* [iOS OpenGL ES プログラミングガイド](https://developer.apple.com/jp/documentation/3DDrawing/Conceptual/OpenGLES_ProgrammingGuide/Introduction/Introduction.html) - Apple Developer (HTML)
 * [はじめてのBlenderアドオン開発](https://nutti.gitbooks.io/introduction-to-add-on-development-in-blender/) - nutti
 * [仮想物理実験室構築のためのOpenGL, WebGL, GLSL入門](http://www.natural-science.or.jp/laboratory/opengl_intro.php) - 遠藤理平
 
@@ -319,7 +319,6 @@
 
 ### Groovy
 
-* [Groovy入門](http://www.oki-osk.jp/esc/groovy/) - OKIソフトウェア
 * [JGGUG G*Magazine](http://grails.jp/g_mag_jp/) - JGGUG(日本Grails/Groovyユーザーグループ) (PDF, EPUB)
 
 
@@ -477,15 +476,10 @@
 
 ### OCaml
 
-* [Objective Caml 入門](http://www.fos.kuis.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~t-sekiym/classes/isle4/mltext/ocaml.html) - 五十嵐淳
+* [Objective Caml 入門](https://web.archive.org/web/20161128072705/http://www.fos.kuis.kyoto-u.ac.jp:80/~t-sekiym/classes/isle4/mltext/ocaml.html) - 五十嵐淳
 * [お気楽 OCaml プログラミング入門](http://www.geocities.jp/m_hiroi/func/ocaml.html) - 広井誠
 
 
-### openFrameworks
-
-* [Beyond Interaction - メディアアートのためのopenFrameworksプログラミング入門](http://download.bnn.co.jp/download/beyond_interaction/BNN_BeyondInteraction.pdf) - 田所淳・比嘉了・久保田晃弘 (PDF) (※書籍を作者がCCライセンスで公開)
-
-
 ### Perl
 
 * [2時間半で学ぶPerl](http://qntm.org/files/perl/perl_jp.html) - Sam Hughes, Kato Atsusi(翻訳)

free-programming-books-zh.md

@@ -81,7 +81,6 @@
 ### NoSQL
 
 * [Disque 使用教程](http://disque.huangz.me)
-* [Neo4j .rb 中文資源](http://neo4j.tw)
 * [Redis 命令参考](http://redisdoc.com)
 * [Redis 设计与实现](http://redisbook.com)
 * [The Little MongoDB Book](https://github.com/justinyhuang/the-little-mongodb-book-cn/blob/master/mongodb.md)
@@ -171,7 +170,6 @@
 
 * [Spark 编程指南简体中文版](https://aiyanbo.gitbooks.io/spark-programming-guide-zh-cn/content/)
 * [大型集群上的快速和通用数据处理架构](https://code.csdn.net/CODE_Translation/spark_matei_phd)
-* [大数据/数据挖掘/推荐系统/机器学习相关资源](https://github.com/Flowerowl/Big-Data-Resources)
 * [数据挖掘中经典的算法实现和详细的注释](https://github.com/linyiqun/DataMiningAlgorithm)
 * [面向程序员的数据挖掘指南](http://dataminingguide.books.yourtion.com)
 
@@ -217,7 +215,7 @@
 ### 正则表达式
 
 * [正则表达式-菜鸟教程](http://www.runoob.com/regexp/regexp-tutorial.html)
-* [正则表达式30分钟入门教程](http://deerchao.net/tutorials/regex/regex.htm)
+* [正则表达式30分钟入门教程](https://web.archive.org/web/20161119141236/http://deerchao.net:80/tutorials/regex/regex.htm)
 
 
 ### 版本控制
@@ -303,11 +301,11 @@
 * [GNU make 指南](http://docs.huihoo.com/gnu/linux/gmake.html)
 * [Gradle 2 用户指南](https://github.com/waylau/Gradle-2-User-Guide)
 * [Gradle 中文使用文档](http://yuedu.baidu.com/ebook/f23af265998fcc22bcd10da2)
-* [Joel谈软件](http://local.joelonsoftware.com/wiki/Chinese_(Simplified))
+* [Joel谈软件](https://web.archive.org/web/20170616013024/http://local.joelonsoftware.com/wiki/Chinese_(Simplified))
 * [selenium 中文文档](https://github.com/fool2fish/selenium-doc)
 * [开源软件架构](http://www.ituring.com.cn/book/1143)
 * [持续集成（第二版）](http://article.yeeyan.org/view/2251/94882) (译言网)
-* [約耳談軟體(Joel on Software)](http://local.joelonsoftware.com/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%A0%81)
+* [約耳談軟體(Joel on Software)](https://web.archive.org/web/20170615232349/http://local.joelonsoftware.com/wiki/首頁)
 * [编码规范](https://github.com/ecomfe/spec)
 * [让开发自动化系列专栏](http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-ap/)
 * [追求代码质量](http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-cq/)
@@ -360,7 +358,7 @@
 * [C++ 并发编程(基于C++11)](https://chenxiaowei.gitbooks.io/cpp_concurrency_in_action/content/)
 * [C++ 并发编程指南](https://github.com/forhappy/Cplusplus-Concurrency-In-Practice)
 * [CGDB中文手册](https://github.com/leeyiw/cgdb-manual-in-chinese)
-* [Cmake 实践](http://sewm.pku.edu.cn/src/paradise/reference/CMake%20Practice.pdf) (PDF)
+* [Cmake 实践](https://web.archive.org/web/20170615174144/http://sewm.pku.edu.cn/src/paradise/reference/CMake%20Practice.pdf) (PDF)
 * [GNU make 指南](http://docs.huihoo.com/gnu/linux/gmake.html)
 * [Google C++ 风格指南](http://zh-google-styleguide.readthedocs.org/en/latest/google-cpp-styleguide/contents/)
 * [QT 教程](http://www.kuqin.com/qtdocument/tutorial.html)
@@ -508,7 +506,7 @@
 * impress.js
   * [impress.js的中文教程](https://github.com/kokdemo/impress.js-tutorial-in-Chinese)
 * [JavaScript Promise迷你书](http://liubin.github.io/promises-book/)
-* [Javascript 原理](http://typeof.net/s/jsmech/)
+* [Javascript 原理](https://web.archive.org/web/20170112164945/http://typeof.net/s/jsmech/)
 * [JavaScript 标准参考教程（alpha）](http://javascript.ruanyifeng.com)
 * [《JavaScript 模式》](https://github.com/jayli/javascript-patterns) “JavaScript patterns”中译本
 * [javascript 的 12 个怪癖](https://github.com/justjavac/12-javascript-quirks)
@@ -540,8 +538,6 @@
   * [React webpack-cookbook](https://github.com/fakefish/react-webpack-cookbook)
   * [React.js 中文文档](https://discountry.github.io/react/)
   * [React.js 入门教程](http://fraserxu.me/intro-to-react/)
-* underscore.js
-  * [Underscore.js中文文档](http://learningcn.com/underscore/)
 * Vue.js
   * [Vue.js中文文档](https://cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/)
 * [You-Dont-Know-JS](https://github.com/getify/You-Dont-Know-JS/tree/1ed-zh-CN) (深入JavaScript语言核心机制的系列图书)
@@ -589,7 +585,7 @@
 
 * [Master Perl Today](https://github.com/fayland/chinese-perl-book)
 * [《Modern Perl》中文版](https://github.com/horus/modern_perl_book)
-* [Perl 5 教程](http://net.pku.edu.cn/~yhf/tutorial/perl/perl.html)
+* [Perl 5 教程](https://web.archive.org/web/20150326073235/http://net.pku.edu.cn/~yhf/tutorial/perl/perl.html)
 * [Perl 教程](http://www.yiibai.com/perl)
 
 
@@ -633,7 +629,7 @@
 ### reStructuredText
 
 * [reStructuredText 入门](http://www.pythondoc.com/sphinx/rest.html)
-* [reStructuredText 简明教程](http://jwch.sdut.edu.cn/book/rst.html)
+* [reStructuredText 简明教程](http://jwch.sdut.edu.cn/book/rst.htm://web.archive.org/web/20170122080708/http://jwch.sdut.edu.cn/book/rst.html)
 
 
 ### Ruby

free-programming-books.md

@@ -788,7 +788,7 @@
 * [An introduction to reverse engineering for beginners](https://github.com/dennis714/RE-for-beginners)
 * [Assembly Language Succinctly](https://www.syncfusion.com/resources/techportal/details/ebooks/assemblylanguage) (PDF)
 * [PC Assembly Language](http://drpaulcarter.com/pcasm/) - P. A. Carter
-* [Professional Assembly Language](http://blog.hit.edu.cn/jsx/upload/AT%EF%BC%86TAssemblyLanguage.pdf) (PDF)
+* [Professional Assembly Language](https://web.archive.org/web/20170329045538/http://blog.hit.edu.cn:80/jsx/upload/AT%EF%BC%86TAssemblyLanguage.pdf) (PDF)
 * [Programming from the Ground Up](http://mirror.unicorncloud.org/savannah-nongnu//pgubook/ProgrammingGroundUp-1-0-booksize.pdf) (PDF)
 * [Ralf Brown's Interrupt List](http://www.ctyme.com/rbrown.htm)
 * [Software optimization resources](http://www.agner.org/optimize/) A. Fog
@@ -1153,7 +1153,7 @@
 * [Learn Git - Learn Version Control with Git](http://www.git-tower.com/learn/git/ebook/command-line/introduction) - Tobias Günther
 * [Pro Git](http://git-scm.com/book/en/v2) - Scott Chacon
 * [Pro Git Reedited](https://leanpub.com/progitreedited) - Jon Forrest
-* [Ry's Git Tutorial](http://rypress.com/tutorials/git) - Ryan Hodson
+* [Ry's Git Tutorial](https://web.archive.org/web/20161121145226/http://rypress.com:80/tutorials/git/index) - Ryan Hodson
 * [Think Like (a) Git: A Guide for the Perplexed](http://think-like-a-git.net)
 * [Version Control by Example (Mercurial, Subversion, Verasity)](http://ericsink.com/vcbe/)
 
@@ -1368,7 +1368,7 @@
 
 #### Spring
 
-* [Spring Framework Reference Documentation](http://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/html/) - Rod Johnson, Juergen Hoeller, Keith Donald, Colin Sampaleanu, Rob Harrop, Thomas Risberg, Alef Arendsen, Darren Davison, Dmitriy Kopylenko, Mark Pollack, Thierry Templier, Erwin Vervaet, Portia Tung, Ben Hale, Adrian Colyer, John Lewis, Costin Leau, Mark Fisher, Sam Brannen, Ramnivas Laddad, Arjen Poutsma, Chris Beams, Tareq Abedrabbo, Andy Clement, Dave Syer, Oliver Gierke, Rossen Stoyanchev, Phillip Webb, Rob Winch, Brian Clozel, Stephane Nicoll, Sebastien Deleuze ([PDF](http://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/pdf/spring-framework-reference.pdf))
+* [Spring Framework Reference Documentation](http://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/html/) - Rod Johnson, Juergen Hoeller, Keith Donald, Colin Sampaleanu, Rob Harrop, Thomas Risberg, Alef Arendsen, Darren Davison, Dmitriy Kopylenko, Mark Pollack, Thierry Templier, Erwin Vervaet, Portia Tung, Ben Hale, Adrian Colyer, John Lewis, Costin Leau, Mark Fisher, Sam Brannen, Ramnivas Laddad, Arjen Poutsma, Chris Beams, Tareq Abedrabbo, Andy Clement, Dave Syer, Oliver Gierke, Rossen Stoyanchev, Phillip Webb, Rob Winch, Brian Clozel, Stephane Nicoll, Sebastien Deleuze ([PDF](https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/pdf/index.pdf))
 
 
 #### Spring Boot
@@ -1990,7 +1990,7 @@ For resources on Angular, Backbone, D3, Dojo, Ember, Express, jQuery, Knockout,
 * [An Introduction to Statistical Learning with Applications in R](http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~gareth/ISL/) - Gareth James, Daniela Witten, Trevor Hastie and Robert Tibshirani (PDF)
 * [Cookbook for R](http://www.cookbook-r.com) - Winston Chang
 * [Introduction to Probability and Statistics Using R](http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/IPSUR/vignettes/IPSUR.pdf) - G. Jay Kerns (PDF)
-* [Learning Statistics with R](http://health.adelaide.edu.au/psychology/ccs/teaching/lsr) - Daniel Navarro
+* [Learning Statistics with R](https://web.archive.org/web/20170625184412/http://health.adelaide.edu.au/psychology/ccs/teaching/lsr/) - Daniel Navarro
 * [Machine Learning with R](https://www.packtpub.com/packt/free-ebook/r-machine-learning) - Brett Lantz, Packt. *(Just fill the fields with any values)*
 * [ModernDive](https://ismayc.github.io/moderndiver-book/) - Chester Ismay and Albert Y. Kim
 * [Practical Regression and Anova using R](http://cran.r-project.org/doc/contrib/Faraway-PRA.pdf) - Julian J. Faraway (PDF)

javascript-frameworks-resources.md

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
   * [Part 1](http://www.joshfinnie.com/blog/reactjs-tutorial-part-1/)
   * [Part 2](http://www.joshfinnie.com/blog/reactjs-tutorial-part-2/)
   * [Part 3](http://www.joshfinnie.com/blog/reactjs-tutorial-part-3/)
-* [React with ASP.NET 5 Tutorial](http://reactjs.net/getting-started/aspnet5.html)
+* [React with ASP.NET Core Tutorial](https://reactjs.net/getting-started/aspnetcore.html)
 * [React.js Fundamentals](http://courses.reactjsprogram.com/courses/reactjsfundamentals)
 * [React.js Tutorial: Now is Your Time to Try It, Right in Your Browser](https://codegeekz.com/react-js-tutorial/)
 * [Start Using React to Build Web Applications](https://egghead.io/courses/react-fundamentals)

problem-sets-competitive-programming.md

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
 * [PEG Judge](http://wcipeg.com)
 * [PKU Online Judge](http://poj.org)
 * [Ponder This!](https://www.research.ibm.com/haifa/ponderthis/index.shtml)
-* [ProblemBook.NET](http://problembook.net/content/en/index.html)
+* [ProblemBook.NET](https://github.com/AndreyAkinshin/ProblemBook.NET)
 * [Project Euler](https://projecteuler.net)
 * [Python Practice Projects](http://pythonpracticeprojects.com)
 * [Rosalind](http://rosalind.info/problems/locations/)